Brief lives of women who reigned or ruled in their own right or by marriage by providing their a) proprietary titles, b) parents/pedigree, c) patrimony and properties, d) persona or personality, e) powers exercised, f) patronages and g) progeny or posterity.
PAOLINA BELMONTE
[Tree1] [Gen1]
Proprietary Titles: Her Serene Highness Princess (Reichsfürstin) Donna Francesca di Paola Pignatelli y Aymerich Squarciafico Pinelli Ravaschieri Fieschi (1824-1911), 10th Princess of Belmonte, 5th Princess of the Holy Roman Empire, 3rd Princess of Muro Leccese, Grandee of Spain 1st Class, 9th Duchess of Acerenza, 3rd Duchess of Corigliano d'Otranto, 21st Countess of Copertino, 21st Marchioness of Galatone, 7th Marchioness of Argensola, 6th Marchioness of San Vicente, 11th Baroness of Badolato, Signora di Veglie, Leverano, San Cosimo
Paula of Maine
Proprietary Title: Heiress of Maine
"...In Aragon, Petronilla...infant daughter of King Ramiro II...inherited the kingdom in 1137 and married the older...and more politically experienced Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona...Petronilla ruled more in name than in fact. When Ramon Berenguer died in 1162, she ceded her throne rights to the united realms of Aragon and Catalunya to heir son, Ramon. Petronilla remained regent for her son, now called Alfonso II, until 1164...." (Medieval Iberia, p. 688)
PAOLINA BELMONTE
[Tree1] [Gen1]
Proprietary Titles: Her Serene Highness Princess (Reichsfürstin) Donna Francesca di Paola Pignatelli y Aymerich Squarciafico Pinelli Ravaschieri Fieschi (1824-1911), 10th Princess of Belmonte, 5th Princess of the Holy Roman Empire, 3rd Princess of Muro Leccese, Grandee of Spain 1st Class, 9th Duchess of Acerenza, 3rd Duchess of Corigliano d'Otranto, 21st Countess of Copertino, 21st Marchioness of Galatone, 7th Marchioness of Argensola, 6th Marchioness of San Vicente, 11th Baroness of Badolato, Signora di Veglie, Leverano, San Cosimo
Paula of Maine
Proprietary Title: Heiress of Maine
Pauline of Courland
Proprietary Titles: Lady of Hohlstein and Nettkow (succeeded her father, Peter of Biron, Duke of Courland), 1800-1845; Duchess of Sagan and Lady of Nachod (succeeded her sister, Catherine Wilhelmine of Courland), 1839-1844. (Ledos de Beaufort, p. 242)
PAULINE BONAPARTE (1780-1825)
[Bio1] [Bio2]
Proprietary Title: Duchessa di Guastalla, 1806
Partners/Progeny: She married 1) in 1797, Charles Leclerc; and 2), in 1803, Camillo Borghese, 6th Principe di Sulmona
Properties/Patrimony: "...[I]n the new year of 1822 Pauline acquired two properties in Tuscany that, with the villa Paolina in Rome, she would be free to leave to whomever she wished. (The aprtments in the Palazzo Borghese and her residence in Frascati would, at her death, revert to the Borghese family.)...." (Fraser, 2012, n.p.)
PERENELLE DE JOIGNY
Proprietary Title: Lady of Chateaurenard
Parents/Pedigree: Daughter of Gaucher de Joigny and of Amicie de Montfort
Progeny/Posterity: Married Pierre de Courtenay, Lord of Conches and of Melun, with whom she had Amicie de Courtenay, Lady of Conches.
Peronelle de Montfort
Proprietary Titles: Lady of Hohlstein and Nettkow (succeeded her father, Peter of Biron, Duke of Courland), 1800-1845; Duchess of Sagan and Lady of Nachod (succeeded her sister, Catherine Wilhelmine of Courland), 1839-1844. (Ledos de Beaufort, p. 242)
[Bio1] [Bio2]
Proprietary Title: Duchessa di Guastalla, 1806
Partners/Progeny: She married 1) in 1797, Charles Leclerc; and 2), in 1803, Camillo Borghese, 6th Principe di Sulmona
Properties/Patrimony: "...[I]n the new year of 1822 Pauline acquired two properties in Tuscany that, with the villa Paolina in Rome, she would be free to leave to whomever she wished. (The aprtments in the Palazzo Borghese and her residence in Frascati would, at her death, revert to the Borghese family.)...." (Fraser, 2012, n.p.)
PERENELLE DE JOIGNY
Proprietary Title: Lady of Chateaurenard
Parents/Pedigree: Daughter of Gaucher de Joigny and of Amicie de Montfort
Progeny/Posterity: Married Pierre de Courtenay, Lord of Conches and of Melun, with whom she had Amicie de Courtenay, Lady of Conches.
Peronelle de Montfort
"...In Aragon, Petronilla...infant daughter of King Ramiro II...inherited the kingdom in 1137 and married the older...and more politically experienced Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona...Petronilla ruled more in name than in fact. When Ramon Berenguer died in 1162, she ceded her throne rights to the united realms of Aragon and Catalunya to heir son, Ramon. Petronilla remained regent for her son, now called Alfonso II, until 1164...." (Medieval Iberia, p. 688)
PETRONILLE DE BAR-SUR-SEINE
Partner/Progeny: "...Petronilla, heiress of Bar-sur-Seine...died in her mid-twenties after a seven-year marriage but...left an heir to preserve her lineage...." (Evergates, 2007, p. 145)
PETRONILLE DE COMMINGES (c1184-1251)
a.k.a. Petronille of Bigorre, Petronilla de Comminges, Perenelle of Comminges, Perronelle de Bigorre
[Bio1]
Proprietary Titles: Countess of Bigorre and Viscountess of Marsan, 1192-1251
Parents/Pedigree: Bernard IV of Comminges and Beatrice III of Bigorre
Partners/Progeny: Married (1) in 1196 Gaston VI of Bearn (c1165-1214), Viscount of Bearn, Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1192, no issue; (2) in 1215 Nuno Sanchez of Aragon (1185-1242), Count of Rousillon and Cerdanya; (3) 1216 Guy de Montfort (d.1220), Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1216-1220, with whom she had Alix de Montfort (d.1255), Countess of Bigorre, and Petronille de Montfort; (4) 1221 Aimery de Ranson (d.1224); (5) 1228 Boson de Matha (d.1247), Lord of Cognac, and Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1228-1247, with whom she had Mathe de Matha (d.1273), Viscountess of Marsan.
Proprietary Titles: Countess of Bigorre and Viscountess of Marsan, 1192-1251
Parents/Pedigree: Bernard IV of Comminges and Beatrice III of Bigorre
Partners/Progeny: Married (1) in 1196 Gaston VI of Bearn (c1165-1214), Viscount of Bearn, Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1192, no issue; (2) in 1215 Nuno Sanchez of Aragon (1185-1242), Count of Rousillon and Cerdanya; (3) 1216 Guy de Montfort (d.1220), Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1216-1220, with whom she had Alix de Montfort (d.1255), Countess of Bigorre, and Petronille de Montfort; (4) 1221 Aimery de Ranson (d.1224); (5) 1228 Boson de Matha (d.1247), Lord of Cognac, and Count of Bigorre, in right of his wife, 1228-1247, with whom she had Mathe de Matha (d.1273), Viscountess of Marsan.
"...Guy de Montfort...had married Petronilla, countess of Bigorre in her own right, and this county their son, Eskivat, unable to defend it against the Gascons, had granted in 1250 to his powerful uncle, Earl Simon...." (The Archaeological Journal, Vol. 21, pp. 288-289).
"Petronille, Countess of Bigorre, famous among other things of having used up five husbands, to adopt the quaint phraseology of a biographer, wishing to retire from the world, towards the close of her life, chose the Escaladieu as her place of retreat, where she died in 1251...." (Taylor, pp. 262-263).
"For the first half of the thirteenth century the county of Bigorre, south of Gascony in the foothills of the Pyrenees, was ruled by Countess Petronilla, the third of whose five husbands had been Guy, Simon de Montfort's elder brother, who had died in 1220. In 1248, in her old age, Petronilla had leased Bigorre to Montfort in an attempt to protect her land against the claims of her neighbour, Gaston de Bearn, who was also her son-in-law. Before her death in 1251 she bequeathed the county to Esquivat de Chabanais, the eldest son of her eldest daughter by Petronilla's marriage to Guy, and therefore Montfort's grand-nephew. But she also appointed Montfort as the guardian of the county until he had been compensated for his expenses in defending it...." (Nicholson & West, p. 134)
Properties/Patrimony: "The benefits of the marriage contract for Gaston de Bearn would seem to be less immediately apparent... But what he almost certainly sought from it was...to strengthen his prospect of acquisition of the county of Bigorre. This county, lying immediately to the east of Bearn, had long been an objective of the vicomtes. They coveted it politically but also sought its lowland pastures around Tarbes and its high valleys beyond Lourdes, which were ideal for the practice of transhumance which was the basis of wealth of the vicomtes and their neighbours. When, in 1192, both Bearn and Bigorre were under Aragonese lordship, a marriage was arranged between Gaston VI and Perronelle, countess in her own right of Bigorre, which should have brought about the political union of (Coss and Lloyd, pp. 165-166)
Petronille of Joigny (1230-1282)
"For the first half of the thirteenth century the county of Bigorre, south of Gascony in the foothills of the Pyrenees, was ruled by Countess Petronilla, the third of whose five husbands had been Guy, Simon de Montfort's elder brother, who had died in 1220. In 1248, in her old age, Petronilla had leased Bigorre to Montfort in an attempt to protect her land against the claims of her neighbour, Gaston de Bearn, who was also her son-in-law. Before her death in 1251 she bequeathed the county to Esquivat de Chabanais, the eldest son of her eldest daughter by Petronilla's marriage to Guy, and therefore Montfort's grand-nephew. But she also appointed Montfort as the guardian of the county until he had been compensated for his expenses in defending it...." (Nicholson & West, p. 134)
Properties/Patrimony: "The benefits of the marriage contract for Gaston de Bearn would seem to be less immediately apparent... But what he almost certainly sought from it was...to strengthen his prospect of acquisition of the county of Bigorre. This county, lying immediately to the east of Bearn, had long been an objective of the vicomtes. They coveted it politically but also sought its lowland pastures around Tarbes and its high valleys beyond Lourdes, which were ideal for the practice of transhumance which was the basis of wealth of the vicomtes and their neighbours. When, in 1192, both Bearn and Bigorre were under Aragonese lordship, a marriage was arranged between Gaston VI and Perronelle, countess in her own right of Bigorre, which should have brought about the political union of (Coss and Lloyd, pp. 165-166)
Petronille of Joigny (1230-1282)
Lady of Chateau-Renard, 1237-1282
Philiberte of Luxemburg (d.1539)
Proprietary Title: Countess of Charny
PHILIBERTE DE SAVOIE (d.1524)
Proprietary Title: 1st Duchess of Nemours, 1498-1524
"...Philiberte of Savoy, whom the king of France had given in marriage to Julian the Magnificent, Leo the Tenth's brother, by way of sealing the concordat, had gone after her marriage to Rome, where the pope in his great joy at so illustrious an alliance, had spent 150,000 ducats on festivals in her honour. In 1516, Julian, who was then commanding the pope's army, died, and Philiberte became a widow at eighteen. She attached herself to Margaret (of Valois)... Philiberte de Nemours, universally respected for her sincere devotion, her liberality to the poor, and the great purity of her life, read with growing interest the evangelical works transmitted to her by the bishop of Meaux. (d'Aubigne, pp. 383-384)
"...Philiberte of Savoy, whom the king of France had given in marriage to Julian the Magnificent, Leo the Tenth's brother, by way of sealing the concordat, had gone after her marriage to Rome, where the pope in his great joy at so illustrious an alliance, had spent 150,000 ducats on festivals in her honour. In 1516, Julian, who was then commanding the pope's army, died, and Philiberte became a widow at eighteen. She attached herself to Margaret (of Valois)... Philiberte de Nemours, universally respected for her sincere devotion, her liberality to the poor, and the great purity of her life, read with growing interest the evangelical works transmitted to her by the bishop of Meaux. (d'Aubigne, pp. 383-384)
Lady of Nesle
Countess of Harnes, 1230-1248 [137]
Philippa Plantagenet
Philippa Plantagenet
Proprietary Titles: 5th Countess of Ulster, 1363-1381/82 [138]; 13th Lady of Clare
Philippa of Lomagne (d.1286/1294)
Proprietary Titles: Viscountess of Lomagne & Auvillar, 1276-1286/1294 [139]
Philippa of Montspedon
Lady of Beaupreau
Philippa of Vitre (c1225-1254)
Proprietary Titles: Lady of Vitre and Lady of Aubigne, 1251-1254 (suceeded her only brother, Andre IV of Vitre, who died without issue)
Parents/Pedigree: Eldest daughter of Andre III of Vitre (1180-1250), Lord of Vitre and Viscount of Rennes and, in right of his wife, Lord of Aubigne, and Catherine of Thouars (1201-1254), Lady of Aubigne
Philippine of Fauquemont
"...In 1352, John, lord of Fauquemont, died leaving no male heir. Philippine, his eldest sister, inherited the seigniories of Fauquemont, Montjoie and Saint-Vith. Waleran of Fauquemont, lord of Born, Herpen, Ravenstein and Sittard, was the closest male relative of the deceased. He demanded Philippine's inheritance on the basis of the Salic law, which excluded women from the succession. After many negotiations Waleran received the lands as an imperial fief, at a date unknown but probably after the end of 1356. The other claimants were furious and, in 1358, to prevent the conflict degenerating, the case was referred to the judgment of Wenceslas and of Thierry of Heinsberg, count of Looz. Thus the duke of Brabant became involved in the affair. Finally, in 1362, te emperor sanctioned Waleran's claim on condition that he pay an annual rent to Philippine. On March 11 1364, Waleran not haveing respected the financial clauses of the agreement, Philippine sold all her rights over the seigniory of Fauquemont to Wenceslas and Joan. As the other lords who had some rights over the place also did as much, the territory became legally part of the domain of the dukes of Brabant." (Boffa, pp. 13-14)
Polie of Poitiers-Valentinois
Lady of Baux, 1348-?
POLISSENA DI MENDOZA
Proprietary Title: Heiress of the Principality of Piombino
"...Another nephew of the pope [Gregory XV], Niccolo [Ludovisi], married...as his second wife, Polissena di Mendoza, the heiress of the principality of Piombino. He acquired these territories. In 1634 Niccolo Lodovisi (d.1664) was officially granted Piombino from the emperor...." (Williams, p. 224)
Polissena Ruffa
a.k.a Polissena Ruffo
"...When only seventeen he [Francesco Sforza] had married a Calabrian heiress, Polissena Ruffa, who died two years after their marriage, leaving her estates to her husband. This gave Francesco a certain influence in the district, and of Sforza's alliance with Louis of Anjou, his son was son to win the Calabrian nobles to the Angevin cause...." (Ady, p. 11)
"...Soon afterward, he espoused one of the richest widows in Italy, Polissena Ruffa, a daughter of the Count of Montalto, who brought that town and other large possessions in Calabria as her dower...." (Smedley, p. 41)
Pulcheria
Empress of Rome, 450-453
Proprietary Titles: Lady of Vitre and Lady of Aubigne, 1251-1254 (suceeded her only brother, Andre IV of Vitre, who died without issue)
Parents/Pedigree: Eldest daughter of Andre III of Vitre (1180-1250), Lord of Vitre and Viscount of Rennes and, in right of his wife, Lord of Aubigne, and Catherine of Thouars (1201-1254), Lady of Aubigne
Philippine of Fauquemont
"...In 1352, John, lord of Fauquemont, died leaving no male heir. Philippine, his eldest sister, inherited the seigniories of Fauquemont, Montjoie and Saint-Vith. Waleran of Fauquemont, lord of Born, Herpen, Ravenstein and Sittard, was the closest male relative of the deceased. He demanded Philippine's inheritance on the basis of the Salic law, which excluded women from the succession. After many negotiations Waleran received the lands as an imperial fief, at a date unknown but probably after the end of 1356. The other claimants were furious and, in 1358, to prevent the conflict degenerating, the case was referred to the judgment of Wenceslas and of Thierry of Heinsberg, count of Looz. Thus the duke of Brabant became involved in the affair. Finally, in 1362, te emperor sanctioned Waleran's claim on condition that he pay an annual rent to Philippine. On March 11 1364, Waleran not haveing respected the financial clauses of the agreement, Philippine sold all her rights over the seigniory of Fauquemont to Wenceslas and Joan. As the other lords who had some rights over the place also did as much, the territory became legally part of the domain of the dukes of Brabant." (Boffa, pp. 13-14)
Polie of Poitiers-Valentinois
Lady of Baux, 1348-?
POLISSENA DI MENDOZA
Proprietary Title: Heiress of the Principality of Piombino
"...Another nephew of the pope [Gregory XV], Niccolo [Ludovisi], married...as his second wife, Polissena di Mendoza, the heiress of the principality of Piombino. He acquired these territories. In 1634 Niccolo Lodovisi (d.1664) was officially granted Piombino from the emperor...." (Williams, p. 224)
Polissena Ruffa
a.k.a Polissena Ruffo
"...When only seventeen he [Francesco Sforza] had married a Calabrian heiress, Polissena Ruffa, who died two years after their marriage, leaving her estates to her husband. This gave Francesco a certain influence in the district, and of Sforza's alliance with Louis of Anjou, his son was son to win the Calabrian nobles to the Angevin cause...." (Ady, p. 11)
"...Soon afterward, he espoused one of the richest widows in Italy, Polissena Ruffa, a daughter of the Count of Montalto, who brought that town and other large possessions in Calabria as her dower...." (Smedley, p. 41)
Pulcheria
Empress of Rome, 450-453
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